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7. Ward PC. Interpretation of synovial fluid data. Postgrad Med. 1980 Sep;68(3):175-9, 182-4.

8. Zuber TJ. Knee joint aspiration and injection. Am Fam Physician. 2002 Oct 15;66(8):1497-500, 1503-4, 1507.

9. Sorrells RB. Arthrocentesis of the knee joint. J Ark Med Soc. 1977 Apr;73(11):467-9.

10. Meyers MH. Practical aspects of synovial fluid aspiration. The approaches to major extremity joints and examination of the aspirate. West J Med. 1974 Aug;121(2):100-6.

11. Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the wrist and hand region. Am Fam Physician 2003 Feb 15;67(4):745-50.

12. Pfenninger JL. Injections of joints and soft tissue: Part II. Guidelines for specific joints. Am Fam Physician. 1991 Nov;44(5):1690-701.

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14.Blau SP. The synovial fluid. Orthop Clin North Am. 1979 Jan;10(1):21-35.

15. Cardone DA, Tallia AF. Joint and soft tissue injection. Am Fam Physician. 2002 Jul 15;66(2):283-8.

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

Amor B. Aspiration and injection of joints. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1998 May;65(5):297-8.

Cardone DA, Tallia AF. Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the elbow region.

Am Fam Physician. 2002 Dec 1;66(11):2097-100.

Johnson MW. Acute knee effusions: a systematic approach to diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Apr 15;61(8):2391-400.

Lossos IS, Yossepowitch O, Kandel L, Yardeni D, Arber N. Septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. A report of 11 cases and review of the literature. Medicine. 1998 May;77(3):177-87.

Levine M, Siegel LB. A swollen joint: why all the fuss? Am J Ther. 2003 May-Jun;10(3):219-24.

Nade S. Septic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003 Apr;17(2):183-200.

Rifat SF, Moeller JL. Basics of joint injection. General techniques and tips for safe, effective use. Postgrad Med. 2001 Jan;109(1):157-60, 165-6.

Riordan T, Doyle D, Tabaqchali S. Synovial fluid lactic acid measurement in the diagnosis and management of septic arthritis. J Clin Pathol. 1982 Apr;35(4):390-4.

Roy S, Dewitz A, Paul I. Ultrasound-assisted ankle arthrocentesis. Am J Emerg Med. 1999 May;17(3):300-1.

Salzbach R. Pediatric septic arthritis AORN J. 1999 Dec;70(6):988, 991-1002; quiz 1003-6, 1009-10.

Shaw BA, Kasser JR. Septic arthritis in infancy and childhood. Clin Orthop. 1990 Aug;(257):212-25.

Smith SW. Emergency physician-performed ultrasonography-guided hip arthrocentesis. Acad Emerg Med. 1999 Jan;6(1):84-6.

Solomon SD. Joints and joint fluid. N Engl J Med. 1970 Apr 30;282(18):1050.

Tercic D, Bozic B. The basis of the synovial fluid analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2001 Dec;39(12):1221-6.

Utsinger PD, Resnick D, Zvaifler NJ . Wrist arthropathy in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease. Arthritis Rheum. 1975 Sep-Oct;18(5):485-91.

Vogelgesang SA, Karplus TM, Kreiter CD. An instructional program to facilitate teaching joint/soft-tissue injection and aspiration. J Gen Intern Med. 2002 Jun;17(6):441-5.

ONLINE RESOURCES

Rhematological Disease Index, http://www.arthritisinstitute.com/gout.html

Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposistion Disease; http://library.utmem.edu/HSLBC/instruction/courses/Pathophysiology/Arthropathies/Arthro_4.html

Shoulder joint; http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/booklet/thr_report.cfm

Knee joint; http://www.aclsolutions.com/anatomy.php

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